Volume 59

Bi-Objective Optimization of Buildings Based on the Four Seasons: A Case Study of Traditional Dwellings in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province Chen Chen, Dewancker Bart Julien, HuiFang Wang

Abstract

This study proposes a seasonal multi-objective optimization framework for building performance, addressing the balance between carbon emissions and indoor discomfort in traditional dwellings. Using a typical residential building in Huzhou, China, simulations were conducted for spring, summer, autumn, and winter using DesignBuilder and MATLAB. The results reveal significant seasonal differences: winter and summer exhibit the highest emissions and discomfort, while spring and autumn offer better energy-comfort balance. A genetic algorithm was employed to generate Pareto-optimal solutions, and sensitivity analysis identified key design parameters—such as heating/cooling setpoints and window-to-wall ratio—as dominant factors. The findings provide practical guidance for adaptive, season-specific building energy strategies.

Keywords Genetic algorithm; building energy consumption; comfort; multi-objective optimization