Volume 68

Synergistic Compute-Power-Cooling Dispatch of a Solar-Biomass Integrated Energy System for Sustainable Data Centers in Western China Xiaojing Shi, Shiying Yang, Fan Jiao, Qibin Liu

Abstract

Data centers (DCs) serve as vital infrastructure of the global digital economy, accompanied by explosive growth in computing demand, massive energy consumption, and intensive carbon emissions. Currently, existing DC energy systems struggle to synergistically improve operational economy, environmental performance and energy efficiency while guaranteeing stable service quality. Against global decarbonization and China’s East Data, West Computing strategy, this study constructs a solar-biomass integrated energy system for a DC in Aksu, Xinjiang, exploiting local abundant solar energy and cotton straw biomass resources. The system integrates photovoltaic power generation, biomass power units, proton exchange membrane electrolysis, energy storage, hybrid cooling, and green methanol synthesis for long-duration hydrogen storage. Day-night differentiated operation rules and flexible workload scheduling are adopted to realize compute-power-cooling collaborative regulation. Based on 8760-hour dynamic simulations, a surrogate multi-objective optimization model is established to optimize Energy Reuse Effectiveness (ERE), Average Delay Rate (ADR) and unit area cost (ACTA). Results show that the proposed system achieves PUE of 1.132, ERE of 1.082, ADR of 0.174 and ACTA of 149.44 $/m². The carbon utilization efficiency (CUE) is reduced by 29.05% compared with conventional unscheduled scenarios.

Keywords data centers, renewable energy resources, integrated energy systems, "compute-power-cooling" synergistic, multi-objective optimization.