Volume 59

Techno-Economic Analysis of Hybrid Battery-Hydrogen Storage System for Passive and Conventional Residential Buildings Tageui Hong, Seungho Shin, Yeonsook Heo

Abstract

This study investigates the techno-economic performance of hybrid renewable energy systems integrating PV, battery storage, and green hydrogen storage for conventional and passive residential buildings. Using TRNSYS simulations, parametric cases were evaluated to explore cost–self-sufficiency trade-offs across three system configurations: PV-only, PV-Battery, and PV-Battery-Hydrogen. Pareto-optimal solutions were identified based on self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) and annualized system cost. The results showed that incorporating hydrogen systems significantly improved SSR with modest incremental system cost relative to battery-only systems. Although high SSR was achievable with battery storage alone, it required extremely large capacities and costs. In the knee-point analysis, passive buildings–due to higher surplus energy–reduced long-term storage needs, enabling hydrogen system downsizing and achieving 97.2% SSR at lower annualized cost than the conventional buildings (80.3% SSR). These findings underscore that adopting hydrogen systems enables economically viable pathways to high energy self-sufficiency, with passive design further enhancing performance while minimizing system costs in residential buildings.

Keywords hybrid energy system, hydrogen storage, battery energy storage system, passive residential building, TRNSYS simulation, techno-economic analysis