Abstract

The surge in methanol demand as a fuel source, coupled with global resource competition, necessitates innovative routes for bulk chemical production, including methanol. China, a prominent methanol producer and consumer, drives industry expansion, raising substantial environmental concerns. This article compares the stateof-the-art “liquid sunlight” methanol production technology (CCTM) with traditional pathways (CGTM, COTM, NGTM, BOTM) through a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment (LCA). Employing CML2001 and EI99 methodologies, we analyze ten environmental impact categories and two endpoint categories. Our study reveals the NGTM path as the cleanest for methanol production, while the CGTM route poses severe cumulative environmental impacts, 2.0 to 3.6 times worse than other methods. Environmental harm constitutes 73% to 81% of the five technology approaches’ impacts, with human health impacted 10% to 12% of the time.

Abstract

When fast and accurate detection is crucial, such as in cases of pipeline leakage accidents, machine learning is a powerful tool for integrating real data with artificial intelligence. In this context, this study introduces reliable artificial neural network (ANN) models that are intended to precisely locate single or several leaks in undersea gas pipelines. Using OLGA multiphase software, thorough data for numerous leak scenarios are generated under multiphase flow conditions and based on an actual offshore pipeline profile. These data cover measurable flow variables (mass flow rate, temperature, and _x000D_
pressure) at the inlet and outlet of the monitored pipeline. The developed ANN models were trained to estimate the leak’s location(s) and size(s) under single leak as well as multiple leak conditions, which have not been investigated before in open literature. The findings show that for single leak scenarios, the ANN models can detect and identify the leak size and location with an error of less than 1.0% across all phase flow scenarios. The leak localization error, however, is higher than 8.0% under multiple leak conditions. The outcomes of this study also show that the accuracy of the ANN models is significantly influenced by the phase flow conditions and number of ANN input parameters. To improve ANN performance and minimize the impact of noise signals, it is suggested to employ a multi-stage leak identification technique. To do this, an ANN model with two inputs must be utilized first, and subsequently, a model with six inputs must be progressively added. In this study, our approach and methods for generating leak-based data and identifying leaks in multiphase flow and various leak conditions can serve as a foundation for enhancing the efficiency and reliability of future machine learningbased leak detection systems.

Abstract

This study presents an innovative LH2 productionsystem using dual mixed refrigerant (DMR)-basedcryogenic processes. New dual-refrigeration loops aredeveloped for the precooling and liquefaction of thegaseous hydrogen with two distinguished mixed refrigerants for each process. Thorough energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) analyses are conducted for the proposed LH2 system in this study. The proposed system produces LH2 with an energy consumption of 3.732 kWh/kgLH2, 48% lower than the single mixed refrigerant SMR-based systems and 70% lower than the current commercial plants. Furthermore, the exergy efficiency (59.65%) of the present system is enhanced by 33% compared to the SMR-based systems (44.89). In addition, the present system produces LH2 with a levelized cost of 1.89 $/kgLH2, which is 21% lower than that for SMR-based large-scale systems and 70% lower than that of small-scale systems. Environmentally, the proposed DMR-LH2 system reduced CO2 emissions by 29-69% compared to large-scale SMR-based systems. Moreover, the DMR-LH2 system is characterized by more flexibility in the design of the process equipment and eliminates the potential for freezing problems. This study’s dual mixed cryogenic refrigeration approach provides guidelines for future research to improve the technical and economic feasibility of LH2 production, making it competitive with other energy storage and transportation options.

Abstract

Global warming has been a glowing problem. At the same time, natural disaster such as earthquake and rainstorms are becoming more frequent. Therefore, decarbonization and increase of resilience are needed to all energy systems. Practically, PEB and PED has been positively introducing in the world. To show resilient systems, this study conducted several pattern of case studies which can evaluate the resilience quantitatively. Through this case study, it revealed that three-day evaluation is more effective than one-day evaluation.

Abstract

The integration of photovoltaic systems into the power grid is becoming increasingly important for sustainable energy production. The efficiency of PV systems is heavily dependent on weather conditions, making accurate weather classification crucial for system performance prediction and optimization. In this study, we utilize a threshold-based weather classification method for PV systems and compare it to K-means clustering classification. The effectiveness of both methods was evaluated using real-world data from a PV system in a temperate climate region. This comparative analysis highlights the strengths and limitations of each approach, demonstrating their combined utility in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of weather classification, thereby offering a comprehensive tool for optimizing PV system performance across diverse meteorological conditions.

Abstract

The urgent need to combat global warming has highlighted the significance of transitioning towards environmentally friendly energy sources. Acknowledged by the European Commission as a valuable approach for facilitating this transition, the energy community model offers promise to districts and cities seeking sustainable solutions. This paper focuses on the district of Sätra in Västerås, Sweden, and explores the potential of operating as an energy community. The study considers Sätra’s economic, social, and technical circumstances, as well as Sweden’s regulatory framework. The methodology consists mainly of interviews with specialists and urban actors, as well as reviewing the literature and relevant documents. The findings highlight various political, technical, social, and economic barriers that hinder the establishment of an energy community in Sätra, such as the absence of a clear definition for energy communities, intermittency of renewable energy sources, low awareness among residents and marginalization of some social groups, and insufficient funding for initiatives. To address these barriers, the study proposes several incentives and mitigation strategies. These include developing a comprehensive definition of “energy community”, establishing an umbrella organization to coordinate efforts, raising awareness among stakeholders, and securing adequate funding. The valuable insights provided by the current study on the establishment of an energy community in Sätra and the proposed incentives and mitigation strategies serve as a basis for further exploration and implementation, paving the way for a sustainable and resilient energy future in the district and the country.

Abstract

Currently, the main types of methanol steam reforming (MSR) reactors used in vehicles are fixed bed reactors and microchannel reactors. However, these two-dimensional reactors have limitations such as restricted radial diffusion, catalyst coating peeling off easily, and high pressure drop. In this study, a new type of three-dimensional porous Cu/ZnO catalyst was developed using 3D printing combined with dealloying technology. The internal mass and heat transfer characteristics of the three catalyst structures, Cylindrical microchannel, Diamond, and Gyroid, were revealed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The simulation results showed that the Gyroid structure with its curved and smooth flow channels enhanced radial mass and heat transfer while having the advantage of low pressure drop. Performance tests showed that the Gyroid structure catalyst exhibited high activity and good stability.

Abstract

Flexible operation of enhanced geothermal system (EGS) can not only address the peak modulation of geothermal power generation, but also actually improve the utilization of geothermal resource. Thus, an inversion investigation is presented to explore the effect of the flexible operation of EGS on reservoir lifespan using a pinnate horizontal well in present work. A nested iterative program is developed to fit the relationship between the generation capacity and operation time first, and injection flow rate second, by incorporating the non-linear least squares and Levenberg-Marquardt method. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) with self- adaptive inertia weight algorithm is employed to inverse the flexible operation strategy according to the surrogate model and the data of power consumption in demand side. The result indicates that the generation capacity and production temperature of EGS with pinnate horizontal well are strongly associated only with the injection mass flow rate. According to the power consumption in demand side, the geothermal power plant proposed should be launched at spring or autumn to avoid the geothermally seismic activity that caused by the larger injection flow rate. The flexible operation strategy of EGS with pinnate horizontal well should be implemented 11.25 days earlier than expected. Compared with the optimum operation strategy, the application of flexible operation strategy delays the thermal breakthrough time by 1.28 years, but causes a higher pump consumption.

Abstract

In dengsi gas reservoir, Anyue gas field, Sichuan Basin, It’s diagenetic process of ultra-deep carbonate sedimentation is complex. At present, the structural characteristics of the pore throat are not enough. In this paper, I use the real reservoir core of the gas reservoir as the research object, and study the types and characteristics of the pore throat of the reservoir by using the method of cast thin section analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance testing.Studying the nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy characteristics of the three types of pore cores after different pressure imbibition of saturated water. The results show that the main peaks of T2 spectrum of pore type I, II and III cores are distributed around 1-10ms, 10-100ms and 1ms, and the high-speed conductivity of fractures can improve the overall imbibition degree of pore type II cores. Increasing saturation pressure has the greatest effect on the imbibition saturation degree of pore type II cores, and the best effect on the cores with permeability between 0.001-0.01mD. Because it is difficult for water to enter the pore type III core with too low permeability, the influence of increasing saturation pressure on the pore type III core is low. The research can provide a theoretical basis for the study of water invasion mechanism in the production process of target gas reservoir and the drainage gas production in the later stage.

Abstract

In order to promote the green, energy-efficient and sustainable development of data centers, this study introduces a hybrid cooling system that incorporates the full-day radiative cooling technology into data centers and couples it within a heat pipe integrated cooling system, which efficiently operates alongside mechanical refrigeration and natural cold sources. The radiative cooling performance and regional adaptability in 12 major cities in China were analyzed using Energy Plus and mathematical modeling. Moreover, a 40-day test was conducted in Hebei to validate the practical operation of the radiative cooling system. The results demonstrated that during the summer, the average maximum net radiative cooling power can reach 40-50 W/m2. The study also reveals the potential of combining the radiative cooling system with traditional air conditioning, leading to an average annual energy savings rate of 28% for data centers. The research provides valuable guidance for the design and implementation of radiative cooling systems in data centers.